Leibniz's Monadology: A New Translation and Guide

A fresh translation and in-depth commentary of Leibniz's seminal text, the Monadology. Written in 1714, the Monadology is widely considered to be the classic statement of Leibniz's mature philosophy. In the space of 90 numbered paragraphs, totalling little more than 6000 words, Leibniz outlines - and argues for - the core features of his philosophical system. Although rightly regarded as a masterpiece, it is also a very condensed work that generations of students have struggled to understand. Lloyd Strickland presents a new translation of the Monadology, alongside key parts of the Theodicy, and an in-depth, section-by-section commentary that explains in detail not just what Leibniz is saying in the text but also why he says it. The sharp focus on the various arguments and other justifications Leibniz puts forward makes possible a deeper and more sympathetic understanding of his doctrines

From transmission error measurement to Pulley-Belt slip determination in serpentine belt drives : influence of tensioner and belt characteristics

Serpentine belt drives are often used in front end accessory drive of automotive engine. The accessories resistant torques are getting higher within new technological innovations as stater-alternator, and belt transmissions are always asked for higher capacity. Two kind of tensioners are used to maintain minimum tension that insure power transmission and minimize slip : dry friction or hydraulic tensioners. An experimental device and a specific transmission error measurement method have been used to evaluate the performances of a generic transmission by determining the pulley–belt slip for these two kinds of tensioner. Transmission error between pulleys, pulley/belt slip are deduced from pulley rotation angle measurements. Results obtained show that : the use of tensioner limits belt slip on pulleys, pulley–belt slip is reachable from transmission error measurement, belt non uniform characteristics are responsible of low frequency modulations of transmission error

Feminist Politics of Connectedness in the Americas

Roth J. Feminist Politics of Connectedness in the Americas. In: Rehm L, Kemner J, Kaltmeier O, eds. Politics of Entanglement in the Americas. Connecting transnational flows and local perspectives. Inter-American Studies. Vol 19. Trier: WVT; 2017: 73-96

From transmission error measurement to Pulley-Belt slip determination in serpentine belt drives: influence of tensioner and belt characteristics

Serpentine belt drives are often used in front end accessory drive of automotive engine. The accessories resistant torques are getting higher within new technological innovations as stater-alternator, and belt transmissions are always asked for higher capacity. Two kind of tensioners are used to maintain minimum tension that insure power transmission and minimize slip: dry friction or hydraulic tensioners. An experimental device and a specific transmission error measurement method have been used to evaluate the performances of a generic transmission by determining the pulley-belt slip for these two kinds of tensioner. A data acquisition technique using optical encoders and based on the angular sampling method is used with success for the first time on a non synchronous belt transmission. Transmission error between pulleys, pulley/belt slip are deduced from pulley rotation angle measurements.Results obtained show that: the use of tensioner limits belt slip on pulleys, pulley-belt slip is reachable from transmission error measurement, belt non uniform characteristics are responsible of low frequency modulations of transmission error

Electron Microprobe Analysis and Proton Induced X-Ray Spectrometry Applied to Trace Element Analysis in Sulfides: Problems and Prospects

The complementary techniques of EPMA and micro-PIXE are reviewed in the context of spatially resolved trace element analysis of sulfide minerals. Attention is focussed on methods of standardization and of fitting EDX spectra. Sphalerites and chalcopyrites from various sources are used as specimens. For Ag in chalcopyrites, the two techniques agree well. Sphalerites pose problems such as Zn-Fe replacement and the presence of minor elements, both of which influence matrix corrections ; these are addressed in detail. The necessity for absorbers in the micro-PIXE work prevents detection of minor elements lighter than Zn ; these are determined by EPMA and the results used in the micro-PIXE fitting and matrix corrections. For Cd, Ag, Ga, Ge there is acceptable agreement between the two techniques given uncertainties and constraints on samples, but EPMA results for Hg are notably lower than micro-PIXE results. The improvement in detection limits afforded by micro-PIXE over EPMA in these sulfide minerals ranges from ~ 3 for Ga, Ge, Hg to 10-30 for Se, Ag, Cd, In ; possible further gains are discussed for both techniques

A Survey of Electron Probe Microanalysis Using Soft Radiations: Difficulties and Presentation of a New Computer Program for Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry

This paper aims to demonstrate that on-line peak integral technique with wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) provides accurate results with intensity measurement counting times as short as one or two minutes, owing to the high counting rates obtained with multilayer analyzers. A great advantage of a new computer program using this technique (available on SUN/UNIX work-stations operating Cameca SX-50 microprobes) consists in the original way that peak overlaps are treated. For each analytical point, overlapping counts emerging from an element B (B counts) are removed on-line from the measured raw counts in order to obtain the net counts corresponding to the element to be analyzed (element A). B counts are first measured on a proper standard containing B but not A. The effects of chemical bonding on the shape and the shift of peaks is clearly seen in the analysis of fluorine in topaz and lithium fluoride. Self-absorption effects, which usually distort the high energy side of L-series soft radiations, are generally inconsistent with the direct measurements of peak area fork-ratio determination. A method based on the conventional area/peak factor concept is proposed for this purpose